I'll throw some info out since you said you're unfamiliar.
Metric: first number is width, second is sidewall as a percentage of width and third number is wheel size. So, 315/70/17 is 315mm wide. The sidewall is 70% of 315mm. The wheel opening is 17" . The total height of the tire is the wheel opening plus the sidewall, or 12.4" (sidewall) x 2 x .70 (percentage of width) + 17; 17.36 +17 = 34.36"
Standard/Floatation: first number is overall height, second number is width, third is wheel opening. 35" x 12.5" x 17"
A 315 is only a 35" tire if all the other numbers add up to make 35" (34.36"), because 315 is really the width, not the height. If you find a 315/75/17, or a 315/60/17, it's not a 35" tall tire, it's a 12.4" wide tire (315mm is 12.4")
Tire manufacturers are the ones that say what wheel width to use with a given tire. If you look at the specs on tire sites you'll see tire manufacturers set it:
https://www.bfgoodrichtires.com/auto/tires/all-terrain-t-a-ko2?tyreSize=17315/70/17 size shows rim width range:
Rim Width Range (Min/Max)
8.00-11.00
You'll find some manufacturers will post slightly different numbers for a given size tire. You need to check the manufacturer to be certain, but generally a 315mm or 12.5 wide tire would go on an 8"+ wide wheel.
When you start talking wheel width, they are listed by width between wheel lip. An 8" wheel is 9" overall width, but is 8" interior (where the tire mounting surface is). This is really only important if you start getting into the weeds talking about the difference between offset and backspacing, but that's a different conversation.